Ibuprofen has a glucuronide metabolite and is eliminated in urine ( Davies, 1998). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) is dose dependent, although this decreases at doses above 600 mg ( Davies, 1998). The combination with arginine may have a more rapid absorption ( Cattaneo and Clementi, 2010 Davies, 1998).
The absorption of Ibuprofen is rapid and up to 90–99% of the drug binds to plasma proteins. The active S-(+)-enantiomer, dexibuprofen is 160 times more potent in inhibiting prostaglandins than the racemic ibuprofen ( Davies, 1998). Ibuprofen acts as an inhibitor of the two forms of cyclooxygenase (COX): COX-1 and COX-2, an enzyme involved in assembling the production of prostaglandins, which play an important role in the process of inflammation and pain. Ibuprofen, (±)-( R, S)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-propionic acid, is a chiral 2-arylpropionic acid (2-APA) derivative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has been available as an “over the counter” in the United Kingdom since the 1980s ( Davies, 1998). Goadsby, in Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, 2021 3 Ibuprofen Once again, the therapeutic effect of ibuprofen is not always demonstrated for instance, Navarro lab has shown that ibuprofen ameliorated mechanical hyperalgesia by reducing central hyperexcitability but failed to produce improvements in the recovery of locomotion in SCI rats. In preclinical studies, dosages vary from 60–70 mg/kg/day, which means that a 70 kg individual would receive 4200–4900 mg of ibuprofen per day, which exceeds the 3200 mg/day maximum dosage recommendation. Interestingly the ibuprofen role in reducing RhoA activation raises the potential of this drug in promote axonal sprouting, in addition to attenuation of inflammation. Recently this has been found to promote both behavioral and histologic improvements in thoracic contusion SCI models. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), is a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, which inhibits the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms of COX. Silva, in Handbook of Innovations in Central Nervous System Regenerative Medicine, 2020 5.3.11 Ibuprofen
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